|
Saint James's Chapel ((スロバキア語:Kaplnka sv. Jakuba)) is a ruined gothic chapel and surviving ossuary discovered underneath Námeste SNP in the center of Bratislava, Slovakia in 1994.〔http://muop.bratislava.sk/vismo/dokumenty2.asp?id_org=600176&id=1003&p1=1008〕〔http://www.muop.bratislava.sk/vismo/dokumenty2.asp?id_org=600176&id=1004&p1=1008〕 It is the oldest sacral medieval structure and the only ossuary in Bratislava. First incarnation of this building comes from the edge of 11th and 12th centuries, built as a chapel consecrated to Saint Lawrence atop an old cemetery located between today's ''Stará tržnica'' and ''Manderlák'' buildings, historically just outside of the city walls. Later, it was rebuilt in romanesque and gothic styles and consecrated to St James the Greater. The chapel is often mistakenly called ''St Jacob's''. The confusion arises because Slovak, like many other languages, uses the sane word for both ''James'' and ''Jacob''. A glass structure in a metal frame, at first intended to be temporary, was constructed above the site in 1995. The chapel and ossuary are inaccessible to the public; guided tours are allowed in for four hours twice a year with the maximum yearly capacity of approximately 900 visitors. == History == Next to the chapel to the north stood the Church of Saint Lawrence, which served as the parish church of the influential suburb of Dunajská Street and Špitálska Street. Today the church's groundplan is schematically visible on the pavement with stripes of darkly colored cobblestones. There was also a parish school next to the church. First historical account of Saint James's Chapel is from the year 1436 as a cemetery chapel next to the Church of Saint Lawrence. Both the church and chapel were demolished in the spring of 1529 as a preemptive measure before the Turkish invasions. The cemetery, however, remained operational until 1747. Four versions of the same building were recovered: * Pre-Romanesque rotunda of Saint Lawrence (Laurentius) * Romanesque ossuary of Saint James * Gothic chapel of Saint James with an ossuary * Saint James's Chapel First sacral structure identified was a rotunda of stone approximately from the year 1100 found in the depth of 3,5 to 4 meters, which was the level of the terrain at that time. It had an apse added later on its eastern side. The rotunda was demolished after the construction of a new three-nave basilica of Saint Lawrence, at its place was constructed a circular romanesque ossuary consecrated to Saint James. A coin found inside the ossuary, a Viennese Fenig, dates the construction to the beginning of the 13th century. At the beginning of the 15th century, the part of the ossuary above the terrain was demolished and a gothic squared chapel was constructed above the remains with the circular ossuary left intact in the basement. Since the building suffered from statical shortcomings it was rebuilt into its last shape in which it partially survived until today, with the internal and external walls being decorated by fresco-paintings and architectural elements were composed of sandstone imported from Austria. The parish church and the chapel were torn down in 1529 when the town was threatened by a Turkish siege. Some reports say the parish building next to the church was left standing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint James's Chapel, Bratislava」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|